logounam logo-avi
logouapa



Relative Clauses: Defining and Non-defining Clauses

Presentation


Imagine a place full of museums, galleries, amusement parks, night clubs, beaches; all the things that you have always dreamed to find in a place in order to never get bored there.

When I think about it, this is what comes to my mind… A place where I would like to live.

If you could choose another place to live, where would you like to live?

Amsterdam

Brenn, M. (2010). Amsterdam. Retrieved 15/11/16 from https://goo.gl/gU2Eae

VeniceItaly

gnuckx (2010). VeniceItaly. Retrieved 15/11/16 from https://goo.gl/8Og3jx

Florence

Almada, S. (2011). Florence. Retrieved 15/11/16 from https://goo.gl/oLymON

If you could meet a famous person, who would you choose to meet?

Sammelwerk, Adolf Hitler, Munich, Germany, Feldherrnhalle

photolibrarian (2016). Sammelwerk, Adolf Hitler, Munich, Germany, Feldherrnhalle. Retrieved 15/11/16 from https://goo.gl/VVYSEp

Walt Disney and Dr. Wernher von Braun

NASA on The Commons (1954). Walt Disney and Dr. Wernher von Braun. Retrieved 15/11/16 from https://goo.gl/tnd7Kz

Objective

By the end of this topic you will be able to match sentences using relative pronouns in order to give further information about places, people or objects. It is important to identify the different relative pronouns and how to use them, this will improve not only your grammar, but your writing skills.

The sequence will be this:

  1. 1. First, you are going to identify the relative pronouns: What are they? When could you use them? How are they used?
  2. 2. You will practice with some activities to check whether you are able to use the relative pronouns or not.
  3. 3. You will see the differences and characteristics of defining and non-defining relative clauses.
  4. 4. You will be able to write different relative clauses appropriately.

Content

Analyze the following example:

Graham’s Fine Art Gallery

Lawford, H. (2008). Graham’s Fine Art Gallery. Retrieved 15/12/16 from https://goo.gl/e9bsa0

Now analyze this situation.

Look at the following picture to know how and when to use relative pronouns.

Now you know when to use who, which, where or that. But, have you heard the term defining or non-defining relative clauses? Well, don’t be scared, it is not difficult to identify them.

Reading

Activity 1

A Vacation I will never forget…

Caroline wrote a letter to her best friend Mike to tell him about her vacations. Read the letter carefully.

Writing a Letter

García, M.I. (2016). Writing a Letter.

Listening

Activity 2

What to do in Berlin

Traveling abroad can be quite of an experience.

There are many places around the world where you can meet people, admire landscapes and do many activities, like skating, or skiing.

Have you ever traveled abroad?
How was the experience?
What touristic places did you visit?
What activities could you do there?

You are going to listen to Saul who has recently gone to Berlin. He is presenting to his class all the things he did during his trip.




Writing

Activity 3

My own vacations

Imagine you were on a long trip during your vacations. Based on the letter Caroline sent to Mike (reading activity) and what Saul told about his trip (listening activity), write your own letter to your best friend telling about your trip. Use 150 – 200 words, at least 6 relative pronouns.

Also check your spelling, punctuation and the grammar of your text and make sure it has the characteristics contained in the rubric.

Once you have finished writing your anecdote, evaluate it using the following checklist. After that, look for your score on the “Results chart” and see how good you are at this skill using comparison and superlatives.

Activity 4

A person who I admire

Have you thought about people that you admire and somehow influence you?

Think about a famous person you consider a role model who has influenced you. Write this person’s biography adding only the important details. Finish your writing by explaining why you feel influenced and consider this person a role model. Include at least 6 relative pronouns and revise your text in order to correct grammar, punctuation and spelling mistakes before evaluating it. Use between 100 - 150 words and make sure it has the characteristics contained in the checklist.

Once you have finished writing your text, evaluate it using the following checklist. After that, look for your score on the “Results chart” and see how good you are at this skill using comparison and superlatives.

Speaking

Activity 5

A person I admire (continuation)

Using the document you wrote on the previous activity as a guide, tape yourself as you explain the characteristics a person must have to be considered a role model. Listen to the following example to clarify the kind of audio you can do.





Before recording yourself, study the aspects described in the following rubric. Then evaluate yourself using the checklist you have and verify according to your score how good you did it!

Once you are ready you will record your account.



Self-assessment

Traveling Experience

Read the following statements and complete them with the correct relative pronoun. Drag the different options to the appropriate spaces from to complete the sentences. You can know your score at the end of the exercise.

Let’s practice a bit more…



Self-assessment

Life Experiences

As seen before, relative pronouns help us join sentences to give further information, they are called Relative Clauses and they make your writing fluent.

References

Basic references

• Hobbs, M. (2010). For Real Intermediate Student’s Book & Workbook. USA. Helbling Languages.
• Murphy, R. (2012). English Grammar in Use. Singapore: Cambridge University Press [4th ed.]